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THE ORE DATABASE | |||||
Occurence 4018 - 011 Søve | |||||
(Object Id: 5739) (Last updated: 20.03.2024) |
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Location |
County: | Telemark | Municipality: | Nome (4018) |
Map 1:50000: | Nordagutu (1713-4) | Map 1:250000: | Skien |
Coordinate system: | EU89-UTM Zone 32 |
East: | 516234 m. | North: | 6571482 m. |
Longitude: | 9.2849090 | Latitude: | 59.2819480 |
Show on map |
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Resource |
Resource Type: | Special metals (Nb,Ta,Be,Li,Sc,REE) | Resource Subtype: | Niobium | |
Element(s): | Nb Ta REE |
Importance |
Raw material meaning: | Not Assessed (reg. 22.05.2015) |
Resources and production |
Activity: | Mining | Reserves: | ||
Operating method: | Open pit and underground mining | Historical production: | 1150 thousand tons |
Products |
Element/product | Crude ore grade or quality | Reg. date | |
Nb | 2800 ppm | 20.03.2024 |
Operations |
From - To | Activity | Comments | |
1951 - 1965 | Regular production | Company/Institution :Norsk Bergverk AS |
Mineralization |
Era: | Paleozoic | Period: | Cambrian | |
Genesis: | Intrusive breccia/diatreme | Form: | ||
Main texture: | Structureless | Min. distribution: | Disseminated (<20 % ore minerals) |
Main grain size: | Fine grained (< 1 mm) | Main alteration: | Carbonate alteration |
Strike/Dip: | Direction: | |||
Plunge: |
Stratigraphic classification of host rock |
Era: | Period: |
Province: | ||
Geotec.unit: | ||
Tectonic complex: | ||
Igneous complex: |
Group: | Formation: |
Mineralogy |
Relationship | Mineral | Amount | |
Gangue mineral | Calcite | Major mineral (>10%) | |
Gangue mineral | Mica | Subordinate mineral (1-10%) | |
Gangue mineral | Apatite | Subordinate mineral (1-10%) | |
Ore mineral | Pyrochlore | Major mineral (>10%) | |
Ore mineral | Synchysite | Accessory mineral (<1%) | |
Ore mineral | Bastnäsite | Accessory mineral (<1%) | |
Ore mineral | Monazite | Accessory mineral (<1%) | |
Ore mineral | Parisite | Accessory mineral (<1%) |
Information(s) in free text format |
Free text |
Fen is an early Cambrian silicate-carbonatite composite complex, which has a diameter of 5 km. It consists of a number of different intrusive to subvolcanic lithologies, including calcio- and ferrocarbonatites and various alkaline silicate rocks. The ferrocarbonatites are rich in ankerite and dolomite and contain Nb-, REE- and Th-rich minerals. In the eastern part of the complex, a red-colored carbonate- and oxide-rich rock unit occurs that is termed "rødbergite" (red rock). The red color is caused by finely dispersed hematite. Locally, the hematite is concentrated in dykes and veins and 1 mill t. of hematite ore was exploited by the Fen iron mines between 1657 until 1929. The rødberg rocks are rich in thorium and REE and resources are estimated to contain 170 000 t with 0.2 % Th and about 1 % REE (LREE). The calciocarbonatites (søvites) contain calcite, pyrochlore, biotite, REE-F-carbonates and monazite and the state-owned company AS Norsk Bergverk produced 1.15 mill t. of Nb-ore between 1953-1965 in the Søve mines, which gave 4100 t of Nb2O5. The pyrochlore is mainly concentrated along the margin of the carbonatite, but also related to breccia zones crosscutting the central part of the intrusion. |
Bibliography: |
From NGU's Reference Archive: |
Bergstøl, Sveinung; Svinndal, Sverre , 1960 |
Description of mines and deposits. Søve Niobium Mine, Fen area. |
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;EKSKURSJONSGUIDE; TIDSSKRIFTARTIKKEL;NGU; No.212m;16-26 pages |
Bergstøl, Sveinung; Svinndal, Sverre , 1960 |
The carbonite and per-alkaline rocks of the Fen area. Petrology. |
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;TIDSSKRIFTARTIKKEL;NGU; No.208;99-105 pages |
Sæther, Egil , 1957 |
The alkaline rock province of the Fen area in southern Norway. |
;ARTIKKEL;Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter; No.1;150 s. pages |
Abstract: | |
An account is given of the field relationships, petrography, and mode of formation of alkaline silicate and carbonate rocks in the Cambro-Silurian Fen area in Telemarken, southwestern Norway. The Fen complex lies in Archean gneiss and gneissose granite and consists of the following rocks: granitic breccia; fenite (syenite); vipetoite, melteigite, ijolite, urtite (mafic alkalic rocks); damtjernite (hypabyssal rock); soevite (calcite rock); rauhaugite (ankerite rock); roedbergite or red rock (clacite-ankerite-hematite rock); and some dike rocks. Chemical rock and mineral analyses and spectrochemical analyses of oxide and sulfide minerals are presented, and optical data are given for many minerals. Substance transfers are computed for various metasomatic rock transformations in the area. Petrofabric diagrams of carbonatites are presented and interpreted. Genesis of the rocks is ascribed to two magmas poor in silica and rich in alkali metals, calcium, and carbon dioxide. Two separate cycles are established, each of which involved eruption of a mafic magma with subsequent very extensive hydrothermal activity (alkali metasomatism and carbonatization). The Fen area is compared with Alnø in Sweden, its close counterpart. |
Lie, Anders; Østergaard, Claus , 2011 |
The Fen carbonatite complex, Ulefoss, South Norway. Results and conclusions from preliminary microscope and microprobe studies |
;21st NORTH;RAPPORT;35 pages |
Lie, Anders; Østergaard, Claus , 2011 |
The Fen carbonatite complex, Ulefoss, South Norway. Summary of historic work and data |
;21st NORTH;RAPPORT;47 pages |
Andersen, Tom , 1983 |
Iron ores in the Fen central complex, Telemark (S.Norway): Petrography, chemical evolution and conditions of equilibrium |
;Norsk geologisk forening;TIDSSKRIFTARTIKKEL;Norsk geologisk tidsskrift; No.63 (2/3);73-82 pages |
Abstract: | |
Hydrothermal iron ores from the Fen central complex may be classified according to their mineral assemblages as primary (magnetite +- pyrite +- anatase + calcite) or secondary (hematite +- goethite + calcite +- dolomite). Primary ores equilibrated between the hematite-magnetite and magnetite-pyrite-pyrrho- tite buffers, at temperatures below 600°C. Alteration to form the secondary parageneses took place above the hematite-magnetite buffer, probably at lower temperature. |
Fieldsamples |
Sample No. | Sample type | Miscellanrous | |||
95394 | Bedrock |
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95395 | Bedrock |
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95397 | Bedrock |
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95398 | Bedrock |
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95399 | Bedrock |
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95400 | Bedrock |
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95401 | Bedrock |
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95402 | Bedrock |
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95403 | Bedrock |
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95404 | Bedrock |
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NB! All analyse values are shown at the end of the printout.: |
Analyse Results |
from |
Deposit Area 4018 - 011 Søve |
Element analyses |
( *=parts pr. million, #=parts pr.billion, Negative values means below detection limit value.) |
Sample No. | Sample Type | Co* | Ni* | Ba* | Sn* | Ga* | V* | Cr* |
95394 | Bedrock | 10 | 730 | 1 | 4.40 | 133 | 21 | |
95395 | Bedrock | 11 | 17301 | 7 | 8.40 | 89 | 103 | |
95397 | Bedrock | 29 | 53 | 212 | 5 | 11.80 | 151 | 123 |
95398 | Bedrock | 16 | 2073 | 1 | 10.40 | 134 | 116 | |
95399 | Bedrock | 14 | 581 | 2 | 1.80 | 121 | ||
95400 | Bedrock | 4 | 62 | 0.50 | 11 | |||
95401 | Bedrock | 8 | 916 | 0.60 | 83 | |||
95402 | Bedrock | 7 | 6941 | 6.90 | 77 | |||
95403 | Bedrock | 13 | 642 | 1.60 | 18 | 21 | ||
95404 | Bedrock | 5 | 83 | 2 | 2.80 | 28 | 41 |
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Sample No. | Th* | U* | W* | Rb* | Sr* | Y* | Zr* | Nb* | Ta* |
95394 | 17.80 | 1.30 | 3.0 | 3920.7 | 58.3 | 259 | 59.50 | 6.90 | |
95395 | 782.30 | 3.70 | 5 | 3.2 | 1885.1 | 116.8 | 116 | 706.30 | 12.40 |
95397 | 1080.10 | 22.90 | 12 | 1.0 | 304.0 | 366.5 | 177 | 840.80 | 3.70 |
95398 | 1470.60 | 3.40 | 11 | 0.5 | 140.2 | 263.6 | 175 | 667.80 | 0.40 |
95399 | 19.30 | 0.90 | 1.0 | 3789.7 | 69.3 | 74 | 46.00 | 4.60 | |
95400 | 63.70 | 0.80 | 1 | 0.3 | 3800.9 | 24.8 | 50 | 2735.90 | 10.70 |
95401 | 28.60 | 113.60 | 6.0 | 4523.4 | 66.3 | 17 | 328.60 | 81.30 | |
95402 | 67.00 | 104.80 | 1 | 27.8 | 2938.1 | 138.9 | 365 | 421.50 | 58.30 |
95403 | 98.20 | 18.70 | 1 | 1.3 | 5147.8 | 83.6 | 64 | 821.50 | 6.00 |
95404 | 106.80 | 5.70 | 1 | 0.5 | 430.8 | 46.1 | 13 | 302.90 | 3.10 |
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Sample No. | Cs* | La* | Ce* | Pr* | Nd* | Sm* | Eu* | Gd* | Tb* |
95394 | 0.30 | 269.50 | 527.20 | 60.24 | 218.50 | 32.87 | 9.36 | 24.83 | 2.68 |
95395 | 0.80 | 1516.20 | 2906.30 | 338.52 | 1269.70 | 237.85 | 64.87 | 137.05 | 11.00 |
95397 | 432.40 | 1066.50 | 163.27 | 808.70 | 231.68 | 54.55 | 148.03 | 15.09 | |
95398 | 0.10 | 1897.60 | 6680.90 | 1111.09 | 5046.40 | 546.73 | 94.51 | 163.71 | 10.31 |
95399 | 262.60 | 544.40 | 67.23 | 256.60 | 40.83 | 11.77 | 31.02 | 3.41 | |
95400 | 137.80 | 313.40 | 38.75 | 140.50 | 21.92 | 5.92 | 14.93 | 1.50 | |
95401 | 0.20 | 228.80 | 500.00 | 61.95 | 239.00 | 38.52 | 11.10 | 28.68 | 3.27 |
95402 | 0.20 | 541.90 | 1163.50 | 145.48 | 537.10 | 82.08 | 22.62 | 59.80 | 6.87 |
95403 | 0.30 | 1066.70 | 1778.80 | 209.41 | 813.20 | 139.91 | 31.32 | 62.38 | 4.51 |
95404 | 3289.60 | 4894.60 | 448.13 | 1334.30 | 116.53 | 14.30 | 56.96 | 3.49 |
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Sample No. | Dy* | Ho* | Er* | Tm* | Yb* | Lu* | Be* | Hf* | |
95394 | 12.82 | 1.93 | 4.89 | 0.61 | 3.70 | 0.50 | 1 | 2.00 | |
95395 | 40.77 | 4.15 | 9.04 | 1.41 | 9.63 | 1.23 | 2 | 3.10 | |
95397 | 70.77 | 11.10 | 27.45 | 3.90 | 23.59 | 3.27 | 24 | 9.40 | |
95398 | 44.92 | 5.62 | 15.73 | 2.22 | 13.43 | 1.79 | 9 | 2.30 | |
95399 | 15.96 | 2.35 | 5.44 | 0.65 | 3.59 | 0.46 | 0.50 | ||
95400 | 6.40 | 0.96 | 2.14 | 0.25 | 1.28 | 0.15 | 0.90 | ||
95401 | 16.29 | 2.23 | 5.30 | 0.66 | 4.25 | 0.47 | 0.50 | ||
95402 | 32.95 | 5.00 | 12.00 | 1.47 | 8.21 | 1.06 | 3.50 | ||
95403 | 18.87 | 2.20 | 5.72 | 0.88 | 5.89 | 0.81 | 0.90 | ||
95404 | 12.41 | 0.99 | 2.13 | 0.32 | 2.28 | 0.26 |
Oxide analyses |
( All values are in % ) |
Sample No. | Sample Type | SiO2 | Al2O3 | TiO2 | Fe2O3 | MnO | MgO | Na2O |
95394 | Bedrock | 2.08 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 6.30 | 0.22 | 2.80 | 0.13 |
95395 | Bedrock | 5.02 | 1.67 | 0.71 | 16.49 | 1.83 | 10.36 | 0.11 |
95397 | Bedrock | 18.35 | 4.01 | 0.54 | 15.16 | 0.34 | 2.60 | 0.05 |
95398 | Bedrock | 2.05 | 0.71 | 0.07 | 90.39 | 0.54 | 0.54 | |
95399 | Bedrock | 0.65 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 5.61 | 0.18 | 2.03 | 0.03 |
95400 | Bedrock | 0.75 | 0.02 | 3.42 | 0.60 | 17.06 | 0.01 | |
95401 | Bedrock | 1.39 | 0.52 | 0.25 | 4.10 | 0.23 | 2.96 | 0.03 |
95402 | Bedrock | 9.73 | 2.47 | 0.56 | 5.58 | 0.35 | 6.09 | 0.08 |
95403 | Bedrock | 0.98 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 8.40 | 0.73 | 7.49 | 0.03 |
95404 | Bedrock | 1.47 | 0.58 | 0.01 | 1.98 | 0.32 | 0.84 |
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Sample No. | K2O | P2O5 | Loss | Sum | |||||
95394 | 0.06 | 4.26 | 35.00 | 51.00 | |||||
95395 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 35.70 | 72.00 | |||||
95397 | 0.01 | 0.63 | 24.70 | 66.00 | |||||
95398 | 0.02 | 0.67 | 0.30 | 95.00 | |||||
95399 | 0.03 | 3.35 | 37.20 | 50.00 | |||||
95400 | 4.16 | 40.70 | 67.00 | ||||||
95401 | 0.20 | 3.67 | 37.80 | 51.00 | |||||
95402 | 1.52 | 15.70 | 19.80 | 62.00 | |||||
95403 | 0.04 | 11.26 | 27.60 | 57.00 | |||||
95404 | 0.35 | 40.90 | 46.00 |
The fact sheet was created on 28.03.2024 |
Questions or comments regarding the fact sheet can be emailed to: ressursdatabaser@ngu.no |
Copyright © 2024 Geological Survey of Norway |