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THE ORE DATABASE | |||||
Deposit 3907 - 001 Kodal | |||||
(Object Id: 5794) (Last updated: 10.10.2023) |
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Location |
County: | Vestfold | Municipality: | Sandefjord (3907) |
Map 1:50000: | Sandefjord (1813-3) | Map 1:250000: | Oslo |
Coordinate system: | EU89-UTM Zone 32 |
East: | 559469 m. | North: | 6565790 m. |
Longitude: | 10.0420120 | Latitude: | 59.2269670 |
Show on map |
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Resource |
Resource Type: | Ferrous metals(Fe, Mn, Ti) | Resource Subtype: | Iron-Titanium | |
Element(s): | Fe Ti P REE |
Importance |
Raw material meaning: | Not Assessed (reg. 10.06.2015) |
Resources and production |
Activity: | Exploration | Reserves: | 48900 thousand tons | |
Operating method: | Historical production: |
Operations |
From - To | Activity | Comments | |
Core drilling | Company/Institution :Norsk Hydro | ||
Investigated by Norsk Hydro in 1959-62, 1973-75 and 1983-84. |
Mineralization |
Era: | Paleozoic | Period: | Permian | |
Dating: | 300 million year | Method: | ||
Genesis: | Orthomagmatic formation | Form: | Layer | |
Main texture: | Structureless | Min. distribution: |
Main grain size: | Main alteration: |
Strike/Dip: | Direction: | |||
Plunge: |
Ti-deposit type(s) |
Main type: | Magmatic | Ilm/Mt-ratio: | ||
Sub type: | Mt +/- Ilm +/- Ap in mafic intrusion | %TiO(Ore): | ||
Titanium province: | Deposits outside the Ti - provinces | %P2O5(Ore): | ||
Host rock: | %MgO(Ilm): | <1 | ||
Main Ti mineral: | Ilmenite | %V2O3(Mt): | < 0.4 | |
ppm U (Rutile): |
Stratigraphic classification of host rock |
Era: | Paleozoic | Period: | Permian |
Province: | Oslo Region | |
Geotec.unit: | Vestfold-Ringerike Graben | |
Tectonic complex: | ||
Igneous complex: |
Group: | Formation: |
Mineralogy |
Relationship | Mineral | Amount | |
Gangue mineral | Pyroxene | Major mineral (>10%) | |
Gangue mineral | Olivine | Major mineral (>10%) | |
Gangue mineral | Biotite | Subordinate mineral (1-10%) | |
Gangue mineral | Amphibole | Subordinate mineral (1-10%) | |
Gangue mineral | Feldspar | Accessory mineral (<1%) | |
Gangue mineral | Carbonate | Accessory mineral (<1%) | |
Gangue mineral | Nepheline | Accessory mineral (<1%) | |
Ore mineral | Ilmenomagnetite | Major mineral (>10%) | |
Ore mineral | Apatite | Major mineral (>10%) | |
Ore mineral | Ilmenite | Major mineral (>10%) |
Lithology: |
Relationship | Rock | Origin | |
Host rock | Magnetite pyroxenite | ||
Wall rock | Larvikite | Intrusive |
Information(s) in free text format |
Free text |
The Kodal deposit is situated in the Lågen valley 20 km north of Larvik. Discoveries of iron ores in the area dates back to around 1700, but attempts to utilise the deposits as iron ore failed due to the high titanium content. The first detailed description of the orebody was given by Brøgger (1898). Other contributions to the understanding of the mineralisation have been given by Nielsen (1967), Bergstøl (1972) and Lindberg (1985). The following information is entirely based on Lindberg (1985). The potential of the mineralisation as a phosphate resource was first recognised by V.M. Goldsmidt during World War 1 in an evaluation of Norwegian phosphate resources. Norsk Hydro considered the deposit as a possible source of apatite for its fertilize production at Herøya, and carried out investigations in 1959-62, 1973-75 and 1983-84. The Kodal orebody and associated low grade mineralisation are situated within a larvikite-lardalite ring complex occupying about 60% of the southern part of the Permian Oslo Rift. Regional geological mapping has revealed a close relationship between Fe-Ti-P mineralisation and the larvikite-lardalite massif. The mineralisation appears to be restricted to nepheline bearing larvikite. The concentrations of Fe-Ti oxides and apatite are closely associated with the development of modal layering in larvikite. Oxides and mafic silicates are often concentrated at the base of layers and diminish in amount upwards. In some cases these concentrations form minor orebodies some tens of m long and several dm thick. Concentrations of Fe-Ti oxides and apatite are especially well developed in the Kodal area, the Kjosen area, the Gloppe area and the Råsås area. Norsk Hydro has investigated all of these areas in detail. Although all of these areas contain minor orebodies, only the Kodal area is regarded to have an economic potential. The Kodal orebody is situated in densely wooded terrain approx. 150 m.a.s.l. 5 km E of Kvelde in the Lågen valley. The ore occurs in a topographic depression. Due to the limited number of exposures, the investigation of the orebody is to a large extent based on drill cores. A total of 60 drill cores have been put down in the area. 40 of these holes (totalling 2060 m) are less than 50 m long and 20 holes (totalling 4150) have length varying from 110 to 550 m. The orebody consists of a series of lenses of varying size and shape occurring along a zone with a total strike length of 1900 m. This zone has an overall E-W strike and dips 70-80 degrees to the S. A zone of impregnation in the country rock always borders the high-grade lenses. At the eastern end the ore body terminates in larvikite in a number of short, thin lenses arranged en echelon. The western end terminates against a large normarkite intrusion, which is younger than the ore body. Normarkite pegmatite dykes, rhomb-porphyry dykes and lamprophyre dykes also cut the orebody. The average composition of the massive ore is 17% apatite, 40% ilmenomagnetite, 8% ilmenite, 1% sulphides (mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite), 33.5% mafic silicates (pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, biotite) and 0.5% other minerals (feldspar, nepheline, carbonate). Modal analyses reported by Bergstøl (1972) show the following variations: apatite (15-24%), ilmenomagnetite (25-60%), ilmenite (5-15%), pyroxene + olivine (20-40%), biotite + amphbole (3-10%). A number of features in and around the ore body suggest that it originated by cumulus processes. These features include layering and mineralogical gradation, both in the high grade (massive) lenses and the low-grade impregnation zone, which resemble modal layering. In case of an open pit operation, the reserve including the disseminated ore to a cut off at 1% P (2.3% P2O5), are some 70 million tons. In an underground mine it would not be possible to include the disseminated ore; this reduce the mineable reserves to 35 million tons. As of 2016 a JORC-compliant resource of 49 Mt @ 0.5 % P cut-off has been defined by Kodal Minerals Ltd. JORC compliant resources amount to: 14.6 Mt indicated @ 5.18 % P2O5 and 24.12 % Fe; 34.3 Mt inferred @ 4.59 % P2O5 and 20.38 % Fe. The following products could be produced in both cases: (1) An apatite concentrate with 85 BPL (Bone Phosphate of Lime) with 17% P (40% P2O5), < 0.4% MgO and <0.17% Cl, with a recovery of 90%. (2) An ilmenomagnetite concentrate with 61% Fe and 9% TiO2. (3) An ilmenite concentrate with 44-45% TiO2. The apatite contains about 1% REE which constitutes a possible by-product. |
Photo(s) from the Deposit area: |
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Bibliography: |
From NGU's Reference Archive: |
Dalsegg, Einar , 1974 |
VLF-målinger Kodalsfeltet. Hedrum/Andebu. |
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;FAGRAPPORT;NGU-rapport; No.1232;5 pages |
Kihle, Ola , 1976 |
CP-målinger Kodal/Andebu, Grøsli Gruve/Flesberg. |
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;FAGRAPPORT;NGU-rapport; No.1344;4 pages |
Abstract: | |
Det foreligger ingen formell rapport over målingene. Resultatene av målingene over Kodalforekomsten ble meddelt oppdragsgiver Norsk Hydro A/S i et brev samt et kart som viser potensialbildet over forekomsten. I tillegg til de ordinære CP-målinger i Kodal ble det foretatt ledningsevnemålinger på bakken og i de borhull som det ble jordet i. Den foreløpige konklusjon ut i fra CP-målingene over Kodalforekomsten: 1. Forekomsten går minst 1000 meter mot dypet, muligens betydelig dypere. 2. Det er ikke funnet grunnlag for å anta at fallet flater ut mot syd i de øverste 1000 meter. Det nevnte brev og kartbilag ligger i NGU's arkiv. Når det gjelder Grøsli gruve så viste det seg at borhullene som det skulle jordes i var tette. Målingene ble derfor ikke utført. |
Sindre, Atle , 1983 |
Tyngdemålinger ved Kodal |
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;FAGRAPPORT;NGU-rapport; No.2095;8 pages |
Abstract: | |
Tyngdemålinger ble utført langs tre profiler like nord for den kjente Jacupi- rangittforekomsten i Kodal. Hvert profil var 2 km langt, og det ble målt for hver 50 m. De to sørligste profilene viser klare positive anomalier. Modellberegninger viser hvilke anomalier en del tyngre kropper vil gi. Disse anomaliene er sammenlignet med de målte anomaliene. Det anbefales å undersøke geologien mer langs profilene og å gjøre flere tetthetsbestemmelser. |
Stadheim, J. , 1938 |
Kodal, Andebu. (Fra J. Stadheims dagbok) |
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;FAGRAPPORT;Bergarkivet; No.BA 2754;2 pages |
Abstract: | |
Rapporten er en renskrivning av dagbok fra en befaring av forekomsten. Det gis en del dimensjoner på forekomsten og historie om drift. |
Lindberg, Per Aksel , 1985 |
Fe-Ti-P mineralizations in the Larvikite - Lardalite complex, Oslo Rift. |
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;TIDSSKRIFTARTIKKEL;NGU Bulletin; No.402;93-98 pages |
Abstract: | |
The larvikite-lardalite complex in the southermost part of the Permian Oslo Rift hosts a number of Fe-Ti-P concentrations. Some of these have been investigated by Norsk Hydro a.s. with regard to their possible potential as phosphate resources. A short review of the relationship of the mineralization to the structure and petrology of the complex is given. The only occurrence with an economic potential, the Kodal orebody, is described in detail. The Kodal orebody represent a resource of 70 Mt. of ore minable in an open pit. The ore contains a total of 11.6 Mt. of phosphate. |
Bergstøl, S. , 1972 |
The jacupirangite at Kodal, Vestfold, Norway - a potential magnetite, ilmenite and apatite ore. |
;Springer-Verlag;ARTIKKEL;Mineralium Deposita; No.7 (3);233-246 pages |
Starmer, I. , 1974 |
The terminations of the jacupirangite vein at Kodal, Vestfold |
;Norsk Hydro / NGU;RAPPORT;NH-arkivet; No.NH 60;13+kart pages |
Abstract: | |
Finnes også i perm NH 241 |
, 1961 |
Kodal. Kart og lengdeprofil 1:2000 |
;Norsk Hydro;KART;Bergarkivet; No.K 2801;1 kart pages |
Abstract: | |
Med inntegnede malmganger |
Kielland, Jacob , 1873 |
Kodalmalmen - supplerende geofysiske metoder |
;Norsk Hydro;RAPPORT;Bergarkivet; No.BA 8202;28 pages |
References not to be found in NGU's Reference Archive.: |
Stadheim, J. (1938): Kodal, Andebu (fra J. Stadheims dagbok). NGU Bergarkivrapport nr. 2754. |
Goldschmidt, V.M. (1939): Fosfat-raastoffer1939. NGU Bergarkivrapport nr. 5005. |
Nielsen, N. A. 1967: Kodal-forekomsten. Et industriobjekt i Vestfold. Tidskr. Kjemi, Bergv., Metallurgi 27, 73-76. |
Brøgger, W.C. 1898: Die Eruptivgesteine des oslogebietes III. Das gangefolge des Laurdalits. Skr. Nor. Vid. Akad., I Mat.-Naturv. Kl. No. 6, 1-377. |
Binns, R.A. 1967: Barroisite-bearing eclogite from Naustdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. Journal of Petrology. 8; 3, 349-371. |
Decree S., Coint, N., Debaille, V., Hagen-Peter, G., Leduc, T., Schiellerup, H., 2023. The potential for REEs in igneous-related apatite deposits in Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 526, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5913009 |
Fieldsamples |
Sample No. | Sample type | Miscellanrous | |||||
Bergstol1 | Bedrock |
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Bergstol2 | Bedrock |
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Bergstol3 | Bedrock |
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Kodal 3 | Bedrock |
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Kodal 4 | Bedrock |
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KODAL112566 | Bedrock |
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KODAL112567 | Bedrock |
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KODAL112568 | Bedrock |
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KODAL195773 | Bedrock |
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KODAL195775 | Bedrock |
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NB! All analyse values are shown at the end of the printout.: |
Analyse Results |
from |
Deposit Area 3907 - 001 Kodal |
Element analyses |
( *=parts pr. million, #=parts pr.billion, Negative values means below detection limit value.) |
Sample No. | Sample Type | Cu* | Zn* | Pb* | Co* | Ni* | Ba* | Mo* |
Kodal 3 | Bedrock | 235 | 480 | -5 | 69 | 34 | 72 | 10.80 |
Kodal 4 | Bedrock | 216 | 452 | -5 | 60 | 17 | 16 | 7.60 |
KODAL112566 | Bedrock | 84 | 549 | -5 | 68 | 19 | 11 | 7.20 |
KODAL112567 | Bedrock | 32 | 502 | -5 | 63 | 26 | 16 | 5.20 |
KODAL112568 | Bedrock | 79 | 390 | -5 | 52 | 25 | 11 | 7.20 |
KODAL195773 | Bedrock | 156 | 323 | 50 | 28 | 141 | 5.20 | |
KODAL195775 | Bedrock | 494 | 444 | 77 | 19 | 14 | 9.30 |
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Sample No. | Sn* | Ga* | V* | Cr* | Th* | U* | W* | Rb* | Sr* |
Kodal 3 | 4 | 21.40 | 440 | 13 | 7.30 | 2.00 | 4 | 22.5 | 333.0 |
Kodal 4 | 4 | 22.70 | 609 | 14 | 5.40 | 1.60 | 4 | 10.8 | 179.0 |
KODAL112566 | 6 | 29.00 | 487 | 17 | 8.00 | 2.20 | 3 | 16.0 | 229.0 |
KODAL112567 | 5 | 22.50 | 402 | 16 | 12.00 | 3.40 | 1 | 124.0 | 222.0 |
KODAL112568 | 6 | 20.00 | 259 | -5 | 8.10 | 2.20 | 4 | 9.6 | 199.0 |
KODAL195773 | 21.50 | 348 | 7 | 13.50 | 2.60 | 1 | 28.9 | 278.0 | |
KODAL195775 | 25.10 | 408 | -5 | 6.60 | 1.50 | 6 | 6.8 | 119.0 |
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Sample No. | Y* | Zr* | Nb* | Ta* | Cs* | La* | Ce* | Pr* | Nd* |
Kodal 3 | 177.0 | 167 | 86.20 | 4.80 | 1.70 | 376.00 | 802.00 | 100.00 | 432.00 |
Kodal 4 | 144.0 | 225 | 80.60 | 4.40 | -0.40 | 273.00 | 597.00 | 74.80 | 321.00 |
KODAL112566 | 170.0 | 237 | 94.80 | 5.00 | 0.50 | 380.00 | 820.00 | 94.30 | 383.00 |
KODAL112567 | 230.0 | 247 | 83.80 | 3.90 | 2.10 | 516.00 | 1120.00 | 125.00 | 506.00 |
KODAL112568 | 186.0 | 222 | 64.60 | 3.60 | 0.50 | 423.00 | 1000.00 | 110.00 | 435.00 |
KODAL195773 | 233.0 | 398 | 101.00 | 6.10 | 1.20 | 518.00 | 1070.00 | 133.00 | 546.00 |
KODAL195775 | 174.0 | 297 | 123.00 | 7.80 | -0.40 | 348.00 | 710.00 | 91.90 | 380.00 |
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Sample No. | Sm* | Eu* | Gd* | Tb* | Dy* | Ho* | Er* | Tm* | Yb* |
Kodal 3 | 74.00 | 12.00 | 53.90 | 7.30 | 36.10 | 6.70 | 15.30 | 1.90 | 9.70 |
Kodal 4 | 56.50 | 10.70 | 43.60 | 6.00 | 29.90 | 5.60 | 12.80 | 1.60 | 8.70 |
KODAL112566 | 66.10 | 12.60 | 49.40 | 6.80 | 34.00 | 6.40 | 15.10 | 1.90 | 10.20 |
KODAL112567 | 86.40 | 15.10 | 65.70 | 8.90 | 45.80 | 8.60 | 20.20 | 2.50 | 14.40 |
KODAL112568 | 73.00 | 13.40 | 54.90 | 7.60 | 38.80 | 7.30 | 17.40 | 2.20 | 12.40 |
KODAL195773 | 94.80 | 14.00 | 67.20 | 9.40 | 48.20 | 8.70 | 22.00 | 2.80 | 15.60 |
KODAL195775 | 66.80 | 10.50 | 50.80 | 6.90 | 36.60 | 6.70 | 17.20 | 2.20 | 12.00 |
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Sample No. | Lu* | Be* | F* | Sc* | Hf* | ||||
Kodal 3 | 1.40 | 1 | 0 | 32.40 | 4.40 | ||||
Kodal 4 | 1.30 | 2 | 0 | 58.60 | 5.90 | ||||
KODAL112566 | 1.50 | -1 | 1 | 50.70 | 6.60 | ||||
KODAL112567 | 2.00 | 2 | 1 | 60.00 | 7.00 | ||||
KODAL112568 | 1.80 | -1 | 1 | 68.90 | 7.70 | ||||
KODAL195773 | 2.20 | 3 | 1 | 60.50 | 11.80 | ||||
KODAL195775 | 1.80 | -1 | 1 | 69.20 | 9.60 |
Oxide analyses |
( All values are in % ) |
Sample No. | Sample Type | SiO2 | Al2O3 | TiO2 | Fe2O3 | FeO | MnO | MgO |
Bergstol1 | Bedrock | 15.24 | 2.07 | 7.66 | 25.97 | 17.45 | 1.03 | 5.08 |
Bergstol2 | Bedrock | 11.57 | 3.46 | 8.48 | 28.48 | 17.45 | 1.20 | 4.99 |
Bergstol3 | Bedrock | 20.60 | 8.26 | 6.30 | 24.63 | 14.30 | 0.35 | 6.37 |
Kodal 3 | Bedrock | 14.20 | 3.16 | 8.62 | 43.10 | 0.67 | 5.82 | |
Kodal 4 | Bedrock | 15.00 | 2.02 | 9.96 | 46.70 | 0.72 | 5.53 | |
KODAL112566 | Bedrock | 10.30 | 2.01 | 10.10 | 53.50 | 0.91 | 4.06 | |
KODAL112567 | Bedrock | 15.10 | 1.76 | 7.89 | 41.60 | 0.81 | 4.88 | |
KODAL195773 | Bedrock | 24.00 | 3.98 | 6.34 | 34.20 | 0.71 | 5.48 | |
KODAL195775 | Bedrock | 16.50 | 1.92 | 9.90 | 48.20 | 0.77 | 6.06 |
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Sample No. | CaO | Na2O | K2O | P2O5 | Co2 | H2O | Loss | Sum | |
Bergstol1 | 0.39 | 0.27 | 7.78 | 0.08 | 0.57 | 84.00 | |||
Bergstol2 | 0.34 | 0.49 | 7.98 | 1.09 | 86.00 | ||||
Bergstol3 | 0.65 | 0.31 | 5.13 | 0.61 | 88.00 | ||||
Kodal 3 | 13.60 | 0.48 | 0.42 | 7.84 | 0.09 | 98.00 | |||
Kodal 4 | 13.10 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 6.11 | -0.95 | 99.00 | |||
KODAL112566 | 12.70 | -0.10 | 0.22 | 6.94 | -1.42 | 99.00 | |||
KODAL112567 | 17.00 | -0.10 | 0.84 | 8.91 | -1.13 | 98.00 | |||
KODAL195773 | 16.00 | 0.94 | 0.61 | 6.55 | -0.77 | 98.00 | |||
KODAL195775 | 12.60 | -0.10 | 0.13 | 4.74 | -1.15 | 100.00 |
The fact sheet was created on 26.04.2024 |
Questions or comments regarding the fact sheet can be emailed to: ressursdatabaser@ngu.no |
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