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THE ORE DATABASE
Deposit 3907 - 001 Kodal
(Object Id: 5794)
(Last updated: 10.10.2023)

Location
County: Vestfold Municipality: Sandefjord (3907)
Map 1:50000: Sandefjord (1813-3) Map 1:250000: Oslo
Coordinate system: EU89-UTM Zone 32
East: 559469 m. North: 6565790 m.
Longitude: 10.0420120 Latitude: 59.2269670
Show on map

Resource
Resource Type: Ferrous metals(Fe, Mn, Ti) Resource Subtype: Iron-Titanium
Element(s): Fe Ti P REE
Importance
Raw material meaning: Not Assessed (reg. 10.06.2015)

Resources and production
Activity: Exploration Reserves: 48900 thousand tons
Operating method: Historical production:


Operations
From - To Activity Comments
Core drilling Company/Institution :Norsk Hydro
Investigated by Norsk Hydro in 1959-62, 1973-75 and 1983-84.

Mineralization
Era: Paleozoic Period: Permian
Dating: 300 million year Method:
Genesis: Orthomagmatic formation Form: Layer
Main texture: Structureless Min. distribution:
Main grain size: Main alteration:
Strike/Dip: Direction:
Plunge:
Ti-deposit type(s)
Main type: Magmatic Ilm/Mt-ratio:
Sub type: Mt +/- Ilm +/- Ap in mafic intrusion %TiO(Ore):
Titanium province: Deposits outside the Ti - provinces %P2O5(Ore):
Host rock: %MgO(Ilm): <1
Main Ti mineral: Ilmenite %V2O3(Mt): < 0.4
ppm U (Rutile):
Stratigraphic classification of host rock
Era: Paleozoic Period: Permian
Province: Oslo Region
Geotec.unit: Vestfold-Ringerike Graben
Tectonic complex:
Igneous complex:
Group: Formation:

Mineralogy
Relationship Mineral Amount
Gangue mineral Pyroxene Major mineral (>10%)
Gangue mineral Olivine Major mineral (>10%)
Gangue mineral Biotite Subordinate mineral (1-10%)
Gangue mineral Amphibole Subordinate mineral (1-10%)
Gangue mineral Feldspar Accessory mineral (<1%)
Gangue mineral Carbonate Accessory mineral (<1%)
Gangue mineral Nepheline Accessory mineral (<1%)
Ore mineral Ilmenomagnetite Major mineral (>10%)
Ore mineral Apatite Major mineral (>10%)
Ore mineral Ilmenite Major mineral (>10%)

Lithology:
Relationship Rock Origin
Host rock Magnetite pyroxenite
Wall rock Larvikite Intrusive

Information(s) in free text format
Free text
The Kodal deposit is situated in the Lågen valley 20 km north of Larvik. Discoveries of iron ores in the area dates back to around 1700, but attempts to utilise the deposits as iron ore failed due to the high titanium content. The first detailed description of the orebody was given by Brøgger (1898). Other contributions to the understanding of the mineralisation have been given by Nielsen (1967), Bergstøl (1972) and Lindberg (1985). The following information is entirely based on Lindberg (1985). The potential of the mineralisation as a phosphate resource was first recognised by V.M. Goldsmidt during World War 1 in an evaluation of Norwegian phosphate resources. Norsk Hydro considered the deposit as a possible source of apatite for its fertilize production at Herøya, and carried out investigations in 1959-62, 1973-75 and 1983-84. The Kodal orebody and associated low grade mineralisation are situated within a larvikite-lardalite ring complex occupying about 60% of the southern part of the Permian Oslo Rift. Regional geological mapping has revealed a close relationship between Fe-Ti-P mineralisation and the larvikite-lardalite massif. The mineralisation appears to be restricted to nepheline bearing larvikite. The concentrations of Fe-Ti oxides and apatite are closely associated with the development of modal layering in larvikite. Oxides and mafic silicates are often concentrated at the base of layers and diminish in amount upwards. In some cases these concentrations form minor orebodies some tens of m long and several dm thick. Concentrations of Fe-Ti oxides and apatite are especially well developed in the Kodal area, the Kjosen area, the Gloppe area and the Råsås area. Norsk Hydro has investigated all of these areas in detail. Although all of these areas contain minor orebodies, only the Kodal area is regarded to have an economic potential. The Kodal orebody is situated in densely wooded terrain approx. 150 m.a.s.l. 5 km E of Kvelde in the Lågen valley. The ore occurs in a topographic depression. Due to the limited number of exposures, the investigation of the orebody is to a large extent based on drill cores. A total of 60 drill cores have been put down in the area. 40 of these holes (totalling 2060 m) are less than 50 m long and 20 holes (totalling 4150) have length varying from 110 to 550 m. The orebody consists of a series of lenses of varying size and shape occurring along a zone with a total strike length of 1900 m. This zone has an overall E-W strike and dips 70-80 degrees to the S. A zone of impregnation in the country rock always borders the high-grade lenses. At the eastern end the ore body terminates in larvikite in a number of short, thin lenses arranged en echelon. The western end terminates against a large normarkite intrusion, which is younger than the ore body. Normarkite pegmatite dykes, rhomb-porphyry dykes and lamprophyre dykes also cut the orebody. The average composition of the massive ore is 17% apatite, 40% ilmenomagnetite, 8% ilmenite, 1% sulphides (mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite), 33.5% mafic silicates (pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, biotite) and 0.5% other minerals (feldspar, nepheline, carbonate). Modal analyses reported by Bergstøl (1972) show the following variations: apatite (15-24%), ilmenomagnetite (25-60%), ilmenite (5-15%), pyroxene + olivine (20-40%), biotite + amphbole (3-10%). A number of features in and around the ore body suggest that it originated by cumulus processes. These features include layering and mineralogical gradation, both in the high grade (massive) lenses and the low-grade impregnation zone, which resemble modal layering. In case of an open pit operation, the reserve including the disseminated ore to a cut off at 1% P (2.3% P2O5), are some 70 million tons. In an underground mine it would not be possible to include the disseminated ore; this reduce the mineable reserves to 35 million tons. As of 2016 a JORC-compliant resource of 49 Mt @ 0.5 % P cut-off has been defined by Kodal Minerals Ltd. JORC compliant resources amount to: 14.6 Mt indicated @ 5.18 % P2O5 and 24.12 % Fe; 34.3 Mt inferred @ 4.59 % P2O5 and 20.38 % Fe. The following products could be produced in both cases: (1) An apatite concentrate with 85 BPL (Bone Phosphate of Lime) with 17% P (40% P2O5), < 0.4% MgO and <0.17% Cl, with a recovery of 90%. (2) An ilmenomagnetite concentrate with 61% Fe and 9% TiO2. (3) An ilmenite concentrate with 44-45% TiO2. The apatite contains about 1% REE which constitutes a possible by-product.

Photo(s) from the Deposit area:
Photo no. 1 showing 2,5x"
Photo no. 2 showing 10x"
Photo no. 3 showing 50x"
Photo no. 4 showing 100x"

Bibliography:
From NGU's Reference Archive:
Dalsegg, Einar , 1974
VLF-målinger Kodalsfeltet. Hedrum/Andebu.
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;FAGRAPPORT;NGU-rapport; No.1232;5 pages

Kihle, Ola , 1976
CP-målinger Kodal/Andebu, Grøsli Gruve/Flesberg.
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;FAGRAPPORT;NGU-rapport; No.1344;4 pages
Abstract:
Det foreligger ingen formell rapport over målingene. Resultatene av målingene over Kodalforekomsten ble meddelt oppdragsgiver Norsk Hydro A/S i et brev samt et kart som viser potensialbildet over forekomsten. I tillegg til de ordinære CP-målinger i Kodal ble det foretatt ledningsevnemålinger på bakken og i de borhull som det ble jordet i. Den foreløpige konklusjon ut i fra CP-målingene over Kodalforekomsten: 1. Forekomsten går minst 1000 meter mot dypet, muligens betydelig dypere. 2. Det er ikke funnet grunnlag for å anta at fallet flater ut mot syd i de øverste 1000 meter. Det nevnte brev og kartbilag ligger i NGU's arkiv. Når det gjelder Grøsli gruve så viste det seg at borhullene som det skulle jordes i var tette. Målingene ble derfor ikke utført.

Sindre, Atle , 1983
Tyngdemålinger ved Kodal
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;FAGRAPPORT;NGU-rapport; No.2095;8 pages
Abstract:
Tyngdemålinger ble utført langs tre profiler like nord for den kjente Jacupi- rangittforekomsten i Kodal. Hvert profil var 2 km langt, og det ble målt for hver 50 m. De to sørligste profilene viser klare positive anomalier. Modellberegninger viser hvilke anomalier en del tyngre kropper vil gi. Disse anomaliene er sammenlignet med de målte anomaliene. Det anbefales å undersøke geologien mer langs profilene og å gjøre flere tetthetsbestemmelser.

Stadheim, J. , 1938
Kodal, Andebu. (Fra J. Stadheims dagbok)
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;FAGRAPPORT;Bergarkivet; No.BA 2754;2 pages
Abstract:
Rapporten er en renskrivning av dagbok fra en befaring av forekomsten. Det gis en del dimensjoner på forekomsten og historie om drift.

Lindberg, Per Aksel , 1985
Fe-Ti-P mineralizations in the Larvikite - Lardalite complex, Oslo Rift.
;Norges geologiske undersøkelse;TIDSSKRIFTARTIKKEL;NGU Bulletin; No.402;93-98 pages
Abstract:
The larvikite-lardalite complex in the southermost part of the Permian Oslo Rift hosts a number of Fe-Ti-P concentrations. Some of these have been investigated by Norsk Hydro a.s. with regard to their possible potential as phosphate resources. A short review of the relationship of the mineralization to the structure and petrology of the complex is given. The only occurrence with an economic potential, the Kodal orebody, is described in detail. The Kodal orebody represent a resource of 70 Mt. of ore minable in an open pit. The ore contains a total of 11.6 Mt. of phosphate.

Bergstøl, S. , 1972
The jacupirangite at Kodal, Vestfold, Norway - a potential magnetite, ilmenite and apatite ore.
;Springer-Verlag;ARTIKKEL;Mineralium Deposita; No.7 (3);233-246 pages

Starmer, I. , 1974
The terminations of the jacupirangite vein at Kodal, Vestfold
;Norsk Hydro / NGU;RAPPORT;NH-arkivet; No.NH 60;13+kart pages
Abstract:
Finnes også i perm NH 241

, 1961
Kodal. Kart og lengdeprofil 1:2000
;Norsk Hydro;KART;Bergarkivet; No.K 2801;1 kart pages
Abstract:
Med inntegnede malmganger

Kielland, Jacob , 1873
Kodalmalmen - supplerende geofysiske metoder
;Norsk Hydro;RAPPORT;Bergarkivet; No.BA 8202;28 pages

References not to be found in NGU's Reference Archive.:
Stadheim, J. (1938): Kodal, Andebu (fra J. Stadheims dagbok). NGU Bergarkivrapport nr. 2754.


Goldschmidt, V.M. (1939): Fosfat-raastoffer1939. NGU Bergarkivrapport nr. 5005.


Nielsen, N. A. 1967: Kodal-forekomsten. Et industriobjekt i Vestfold. Tidskr. Kjemi, Bergv., Metallurgi 27, 73-76.


Brøgger, W.C. 1898: Die Eruptivgesteine des oslogebietes III. Das gangefolge des Laurdalits. Skr. Nor. Vid. Akad., I Mat.-Naturv. Kl. No. 6, 1-377.


Binns, R.A. 1967: Barroisite-bearing eclogite from Naustdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. Journal of Petrology. 8; 3, 349-371.


Decree S., Coint, N., Debaille, V., Hagen-Peter, G., Leduc, T., Schiellerup, H., 2023. The potential for REEs in igneous-related apatite deposits in Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 526, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5913009

Fieldsamples
Sample No. Sample type Miscellanrous
Bergstol1 Bedrock
No. of registrated oxide analyses = 1
Bergstol2 Bedrock
No. of registrated oxide analyses = 1
Bergstol3 Bedrock
No. of registrated oxide analyses = 1
Kodal 3 Bedrock
Sampler: Peter Ihlen
Comment: fine-grained apatite magnetite pyroxene-rich rock
No. of registrated element analyses = 1
No. of registrated oxide analyses = 1
Kodal 4 Bedrock
Sampler: Peter Ihlen
Comment: fine-grained apatite magnetite pyroxene-rich rock
No. of registrated element analyses = 1
No. of registrated oxide analyses = 1
KODAL112566 Bedrock
Sampler: Peter Ihlen
Comment: fine-grained apatite magnetite pyroxene-rich rock
No. of registrated element analyses = 1
No. of registrated oxide analyses = 1
KODAL112567 Bedrock
Sampler: Peter Ihlen
Comment: fine-grained apatite magnetite pyroxene-rich rock
No. of registrated element analyses = 1
No. of registrated oxide analyses = 1
KODAL112568 Bedrock
Sampler: Peter Ihlen
Comment: fine-grained apatite magnetite pyroxene-rich rock
No. of registrated element analyses = 1
KODAL195773 Bedrock
Sampler: Peter Ihlen
Comment: fine-grained apatite magnetite pyroxene-rich rock
No. of registrated element analyses = 1
No. of registrated oxide analyses = 1
KODAL195775 Bedrock
Sampler: Peter Ihlen
Comment: fine-grained apatite magnetite pyroxene-rich rock
No. of registrated element analyses = 1
No. of registrated oxide analyses = 1
NB! All analyse values are shown at the end of the printout.:


Analyse Results
from
Deposit Area 3907 - 001 Kodal

Element analyses

( *=parts pr. million, #=parts pr.billion, Negative values means below detection limit value.)
Sample No. Sample Type Cu* Zn* Pb* Co* Ni* Ba* Mo*
Kodal 3 Bedrock 235 480 -5 69 34 72 10.80
Kodal 4 Bedrock 216 452 -5 60 17 16 7.60
KODAL112566 Bedrock 84 549 -5 68 19 11 7.20
KODAL112567 Bedrock 32 502 -5 63 26 16 5.20
KODAL112568 Bedrock 79 390 -5 52 25 11 7.20
KODAL195773 Bedrock 156 323 50 28 141 5.20
KODAL195775 Bedrock 494 444 77 19 14 9.30
------------------
Sample No. Sn* Ga* V* Cr* Th* U* W* Rb* Sr*
Kodal 3 4 21.40 440 13 7.30 2.00 4 22.5 333.0
Kodal 4 4 22.70 609 14 5.40 1.60 4 10.8 179.0
KODAL112566 6 29.00 487 17 8.00 2.20 3 16.0 229.0
KODAL112567 5 22.50 402 16 12.00 3.40 1 124.0 222.0
KODAL112568 6 20.00 259 -5 8.10 2.20 4 9.6 199.0
KODAL195773 21.50 348 7 13.50 2.60 1 28.9 278.0
KODAL195775 25.10 408 -5 6.60 1.50 6 6.8 119.0
------------------
Sample No. Y* Zr* Nb* Ta* Cs* La* Ce* Pr* Nd*
Kodal 3 177.0 167 86.20 4.80 1.70 376.00 802.00 100.00 432.00
Kodal 4 144.0 225 80.60 4.40 -0.40 273.00 597.00 74.80 321.00
KODAL112566 170.0 237 94.80 5.00 0.50 380.00 820.00 94.30 383.00
KODAL112567 230.0 247 83.80 3.90 2.10 516.00 1120.00 125.00 506.00
KODAL112568 186.0 222 64.60 3.60 0.50 423.00 1000.00 110.00 435.00
KODAL195773 233.0 398 101.00 6.10 1.20 518.00 1070.00 133.00 546.00
KODAL195775 174.0 297 123.00 7.80 -0.40 348.00 710.00 91.90 380.00
------------------
Sample No. Sm* Eu* Gd* Tb* Dy* Ho* Er* Tm* Yb*
Kodal 3 74.00 12.00 53.90 7.30 36.10 6.70 15.30 1.90 9.70
Kodal 4 56.50 10.70 43.60 6.00 29.90 5.60 12.80 1.60 8.70
KODAL112566 66.10 12.60 49.40 6.80 34.00 6.40 15.10 1.90 10.20
KODAL112567 86.40 15.10 65.70 8.90 45.80 8.60 20.20 2.50 14.40
KODAL112568 73.00 13.40 54.90 7.60 38.80 7.30 17.40 2.20 12.40
KODAL195773 94.80 14.00 67.20 9.40 48.20 8.70 22.00 2.80 15.60
KODAL195775 66.80 10.50 50.80 6.90 36.60 6.70 17.20 2.20 12.00
------------------
Sample No. Lu* Be* F* Sc* Hf*
Kodal 3 1.40 1 0 32.40 4.40
Kodal 4 1.30 2 0 58.60 5.90
KODAL112566 1.50 -1 1 50.70 6.60
KODAL112567 2.00 2 1 60.00 7.00
KODAL112568 1.80 -1 1 68.90 7.70
KODAL195773 2.20 3 1 60.50 11.80
KODAL195775 1.80 -1 1 69.20 9.60

Oxide analyses

( All values are in % )
Sample No. Sample Type SiO2 Al2O3 TiO2 Fe2O3 FeO MnO MgO
Bergstol1 Bedrock 15.24 2.07 7.66 25.97 17.45 1.03 5.08
Bergstol2 Bedrock 11.57 3.46 8.48 28.48 17.45 1.20 4.99
Bergstol3 Bedrock 20.60 8.26 6.30 24.63 14.30 0.35 6.37
Kodal 3 Bedrock 14.20 3.16 8.62 43.10 0.67 5.82
Kodal 4 Bedrock 15.00 2.02 9.96 46.70 0.72 5.53
KODAL112566 Bedrock 10.30 2.01 10.10 53.50 0.91 4.06
KODAL112567 Bedrock 15.10 1.76 7.89 41.60 0.81 4.88
KODAL195773 Bedrock 24.00 3.98 6.34 34.20 0.71 5.48
KODAL195775 Bedrock 16.50 1.92 9.90 48.20 0.77 6.06
------------------
Sample No. CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 Co2 H2O Loss Sum
Bergstol1 0.39 0.27 7.78 0.08 0.57 84.00
Bergstol2 0.34 0.49 7.98 1.09 86.00
Bergstol3 0.65 0.31 5.13 0.61 88.00
Kodal 3 13.60 0.48 0.42 7.84 0.09 98.00
Kodal 4 13.10 0.24 0.16 6.11 -0.95 99.00
KODAL112566 12.70 -0.10 0.22 6.94 -1.42 99.00
KODAL112567 17.00 -0.10 0.84 8.91 -1.13 98.00
KODAL195773 16.00 0.94 0.61 6.55 -0.77 98.00
KODAL195775 12.60 -0.10 0.13 4.74 -1.15 100.00


The fact sheet was created on 26.04.2024

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